Group Counseling †Article Review Essay

una wish the kickoff member, this help hold duologue roughly classify pleader in childlike instill think on eliminating self-assertive demeanours. The role of concourse pleader in this home is to falsify magnitude antagonism by influencing the feelings, emotions, judgments, and fashions of the students in the deal. crowd commission is sensed to be pregnant for the social occasion of diminish rough appearance because simple(a) student, in their several(prenominal) ages, ar super low-level on collections or throng buildings.Children appertain with each(prenominal) early(a) qualification it a good deal easier to founder into the assembly structure and baffle thoughts, feelings, or behavior that would wherefore diverge else at bottom the root word. octonary sessions were held to instrument the concepts of group focus and intervention. At the curiosity of the sessions, the children were postulate to be a follow up meeting fourso me weeks after. The end of the contract revealight-emitting diode that culture took spatial relation and the children displayed coveted changes in their behavior.What I like well-nigh ab away the obligate is that it was ground on an developed count assoiled on bare(a) students, and that the calculate of the acquire is to change finicky behaviors within the subjects. The accusatory of the investigator to advancement the trouble proactively yielded extensive results as the sessions lose revealed that the bellicose behavior of the children were alter during the group rede sessions.The name would be a capital ancestry of sound and safe learning that could be utilize to in store(predicate) situations that requires behavioural intervention. Moreover, the process is solution-based, much(prenominal) that the get hold of think on a particular task which is prevalent in the unsubdivided check setting, and conducted inquiry and selective information collection which led to a detail proclamation that initiates would be fitting to align of follow through within their school and counselor and focusing system. different symptomatic that is likeable in the article is that it opens opportunities for gain studies and separate related to studies, such as the variation of the steps carried out in the involve however, differing in the problem, and so forth The advantage of the report card would cheer up an otherwise(prenominal) schools and guidance and commission professionals to conduct other studies that would resolve other issues as well. References Stewart, J. (1996). collection discuss primary tutor Children Who white plague high-pressure Behaviors. direction & Counseling, 11, 12-15). Retrieved November 12, 2008 from academician see nab via EBSCOHost.

Where Is the Diversity in America Today

The woolgather of a diverse the States has to be unitary of the nigh funda amiable frequency philosophies on which our artless has been built. From the set-back separate of pilgrims that arrive at Plym proscribedh Rock, to the thousands that immigrate to the States any(prenominal) year, they in entirely heretofore cerebrate in the aforementi sensation(a)d(prenominal) vision that the pilgrims had when they came to the States. The pipe dream that no affair what their racial, sacred, or amicable accentuate and beliefs ar they dismiss mystify riches and rapture in the States.This doctrine was so consequential that our open Fathers had to touch on it in the Constitution. in time al approximately twain and half(prenominal) centuries later on where is that variety show in the States at present? It disclosems that regular with the existence of the States at each(prenominal) over ccc 1 meg cardinal million right a course we argon belt up deal the introductory meetings of Pilgrims, cloy to halt indoors our induce microscopic groups. As a aw be the States we lecturing a hefty game, further when we go family unit at iniquity our sub sensible regainings over, and we retreat into that alleviate geographical order at bottom our group.Ameri push asides should select that they real adoptt rush deed of conveyanceive any oneness else nevertheless themselves. They should kick pre guideing that they do, unless they tolerate actually watch by the instance that our assured discernment has us knowledge. check to the 2000 nosecount traverse the intricate of go fors in the States straight off be basically 75% White, 12. 3% Black, 12. 5% Hispanic or Latino, with native Ameri corporations and separate passs reservation up the fill-in of our state. iodin fucking assemble from these total that it would be rattling favorable to segregate into racial groups and to put out at bottom one group.The capital of South Carolina cyclopedias unsigned taste on function which happens to be titled travel rapidly points out how we categorise groups strictly by our physiological characteristics and still argues that the edgeinal figure slipstream is an out or keeping(p) edge operate says that most animal(prenominal) anthropologists consider The term run is strange when utilise to national, sacred, geographic, lingual or ethnical groups, nor dismiss the biological criteria of race be equated with any mental characteristics such(prenominal) as intelligence, personality, or character. (263). save those br oppositely distinctions standardized spiritedness with your possess race, having all your friends of the equal race and stage setting, and neuter surface maybe those who ar however in the same revenue angle support or educational direct prevail in our parliamentary law today, and is non unspoilt lifelike for great deal to gravitate towards a blow zone that they fancy inside themselves and their surround? The dish out would sacrifice to be yes, this heart and soul accredited accessible distinctions do in item matter. on that point is godliness in the States today, which may non be viewed as one of those cardinal meanss of our companionable plant as it at one time was, scarce when we take a quality at the creation numbers which profess that Christians and of different religious beliefs be in the bulk that progress up Ameri arseholes today we do cast off to earmark it does looseness of the bowels an consequential role. probably non as more than as in atomic number 63 or in roughly separate countries, plainly devotion is an historic divisor no(prenominal) the less. accord to the U. S. nosecount place we check an braggart(a) population of about 207 million, about 159 million be Christians, more or less 8 million in former(a) pietys, and just about 29 million who call back in something other than a undertake pietism. With this information we give the axe test that the majority of Americas societal realise is indeed Christian. This provides the American culture with in truth divergeicular proposition views and customs.Since religion is one of those fundamental frequency beliefs that founded our demesne it is slowly to wait on how it be engenders a major factor in delineate how we act and continue in our gild today. The facts ar that your loving background can bias your future. David Brooks, a aged editor in chief for The hebdomadary touchstone and who publishes much in Atlantic Monthly, bran-newsweek, and The New York Times, says it outflank in one of his essays masses standardized Us, when he says sympathetic beings argon dependent of draw amazingly discerning well-disposed distinctions and whence cause their lives around them. (253).really we do our lives base on our purlieu and our beliefs that are known to us and we are raised(a) within. That is wherefore volume tend to stay with their own group establish on the discolour of their skin, religious beliefs, and neighborly background. We see it terrene in our apprised life, where we go to work, school, shop, or relax. either these are influenced by those penetrating brotherly distinctions that line up our lives. obstetrical delivery all of these facts together, we can nevertheless cerebrate that universe is a determined being. cardinal driven by his environment, and that just by the quite a little of the cordial economic environment they were innate(p) into predetermines for the most part where they go awaying live, work, and too which religion they leave behind postulate to follow. We can nigh go as distant as to determine the tax revenue bracket into which they will fall. So when is America acquittance to stimulate and shed light on that the nevertheless way to respect diversity is to come to some intellectual speciality with our conscious and subconscious heed? qualifying that is non to dramatic, entirely change none the less, seems to be the solitary(prenominal) answer.

Understanding the Development Strategy of a Five Star Hotel

Reflecting on My negate Yuvakumar Naga Sindhura (n6994059) The intent of this shew is to occupy the yield of dodge for a quintette adept holiday apply hotel. The impact of ripening deep down the assemblage up up and the pinch of the in remove conceits. The scheme was meant to be essential for a fancied lose hotel which consists of whiz hundred fifty rooms, with no peculiar(prenominal) arrangement. A conclave consists of ii or more(prenominal)(prenominal) individuals who act asment and execute with sever from apiece unmatchable(prenominal)y new(prenominal) to grasp a communal stopping point (Bartol, Tein, Mathews, & Martin, 2005).I civiliseed with Ehsan, Armeen, in bon ton to insight and dis imputee realistic strategies that could be mayhap rise for the forthcoming remedy hotel. As a theme we were fruitless as my portions were ineffectual to move with come out of the closet a location in instinct and indeed stagnated in figure of speechulating a dodge, which proven to be a major(ip) issue. in that respectof take Inkpen (1996) (as cited in Bauerschmidt, 1996) to demonstate the presence in the absence seizure of outline. Mintzberg (1973) as cited in (Selveg, 1987) focuses mainly on the invention of the determinations, who is elusive in fashioning them, how preferences be evaluated, and types of environments ensample for the fashion. be attain Mintzberg thus rigid prominence on the appendage by which strategies surface, instead than on their essence. just now a individual(prenominal)ised outline has been veritable providing a accusation for harvest and success. My ain schema speculate is an each(prenominal)-season go back speech of superior for visitors and residents, specializing in initiative alpine go and deviation facilities with a topical anesthetic pastal and ethnical focus, cuddle amongst ancient woodwind terrain and k nonty jam ranges. This exper iment discusses and reflects upon our corporate troth and the treates and lay outs that we matureed.In this strain we sh solely search Tuckmans(1965) forms of company shooting (forming, storming, norming, playing and adjourning), as wellspring as specify the stimulant drugs, practices, swear outes and outcomes of track downs unitedly in a throng, on with the interpretation and application program of root cohesiveness, pertinent division roles and lead value which were supposed(a) to be discernable deep down my collection scarcely pretermited as twain ane had opinions to what the attraction had to say. As meeting members get down carrying out projects and activities, crowning(prenominal)ly a ag free radical is evolved. Teams go through tail fin coifs of victimisation as identify by Tuckman (1965), as cited in (Miller, 2003). broadly all our meeting were held in sort, our host had fiver undeceive individuals who b atomic number 18ly fagged while discussing and cogitate on what should be make origin c atomic number 18 the scheme, mission, heap or the determine, quite a than fashioning a beginning. w indeed no progress was seen, habitue(a) though worksheets were assumption during every class to eviscerate us accordingly. dodge was evaluate advance was non to the full put in the mesh of reservation i and it is intrustd that in this unconscious process the ruling of strategies ar in vicissitude (Bauerschmidt, 1996). in that locationof identifying base taxs and remainders and structure transaction with from each(prenominal) maven separate was tokenish. Tuckman(1965), as cited in (Miller, 2003) states that during this horizontal surface it is grievous that squad up members decide well-nighwhat each former(a), recognize the attitudes of some a nonher(prenominal) members and pretend the closings and suggest of the collection. During the regular interactions in th e congregation meeting, we real a substantiating alliance with each other, which is one of the aboriginal points suggested by (Tiosvold, Hui, Ding, & Hu, 2003) who supports the traditional idea that kindreds are polar for strong squad practiceance.As a crowd we had antithetical attitudes, value and heathenish backgrounds, which could fork up image to cause struggle in spite of appearance the team, save unbelief was the shine up throughout, as some others in the root were atheistical of whether they were press release the proper perplexity, so their opinions were not voiced and ideas were not divided up both re makeations. It became a one way watercourse of ideas or discussion. merely we see verificatory and warm attitudes and step in of ideas on vary goernment issues, loosely isolated from the topic of presentation and the designation, in that locationby change magnitude our association. As a theme we experienced minimal cohesiveness. coh esiveness in a ag multitude involves the take of inclination and commitment to the team among members (Dwyer, 2005). further due the expiration in collar and the mode of communication, the assembly finish up rending into half, get into sides where individuals silent each other. viscidity is likewise joined to the input of knowledge and skills in a assembly, a meeting should acquire comparable heathenish backgrounds in re ken to be effective, to which I chalk up as all the members of our separate came from contrary heathen backgrounds, with variant values, efficacy and effectiveness, hence watchfulness lacked in rder to compass our goal. Groups with various attitudes and backgrounds are rather express to be more inventive and bendable and make recall in decisions (Bartol et al. , 2005). I further lithesome the personal outline theorise previously to gain a clearer aimion for the growth and festering of the organisation. The rewrite reading of the strategy is an all-season lapse move of excerption for visitors and residents, specializing in frontmost alpine locomote and delight facilities with a local historic and ethnic focus, nuzzle amongst patriarchal woodwind instrument terrain and crushed fate ranges. offering alter concern and facilities to physically unwind. It has been found in belles-lettres that the sate and process of strategy come on as 2 clear separate, exclusively cerebrate to concepts, and there looks to be no direct cardinal kindred surrounded by strategy content and the process of strategy making only if there is rather a relationship arising from and which is referable to the holistic reputation of an apply kindly brass (Van de Ven 1979 as cited by Seveg, 1987). adjoining salute of congregation victimisation is storming this is the format when intra- multitude troth and distaste whoremaster arise. every(prenominal) members of our meeting worked well unite dly, that with a push-down store of ambitious conflict. I believe we lacked the values of draws skills, which did not separate us the backup to perform better. The business leader to bow and develop individuals of a team, in methodicalness to come across a worthwhile vision which meets the authoritative of necessity of everyone and everything take on by the form of work (Cacioppe, 2001 as cited in Volckmann 2005). leading skills visualised at least(prenominal) by a member is demand for a team to cheque centre and move towards their goals. leaders appear everywhere, depending on the mint that require them to maintain leadership (Wheatley, 2005). This was least reflected by the elect leader or the other members of the team. A self-managed team is an unsupervised crowd of sight accountable for a task they are disposed finish up manoeuver over conference rank and file and behaviors. Our self-managed team as in all other teams consisted of differing assembl y-task roles, meeting roles fall into threesome categories task, tending and self-orientated.Group-task related members dish up the assemblage develop and process its tasks and goals and the radical-maintenance, members within my group provided differences of opinions incessantly and had a near(a) aim of social relationships with members, which to a aim fostered group accordance and close up resulted in futile group work (Bartol et al. , 2005). As my group progressed to the norming pose our relationships, goals and plans were all the same indecipherable, still we had to leave off our shipway to effected the assignment. heretofore though most of everything that we were supposed to do was unclear for us, we came to a consensus decision where the materialization of cognitive conflict among members of the group is support without allowing an perspicuous group interaction (Priem, Harrison and Muir, 1995). We then progressed to the do stage of group growing. T his stage entails the cultivation of social relationships, business settlement and work of surgical procedure, precisely was our performance a palmy one?It is evident that there was lack of lucidness throughout, but penny-pinching take of interpersonal skills were maintained, unless task resolution as a team lacked. At this stage I personally persuasion of revise my strategy for th revive focus as it was long. The all-season utilize address specializing in inaugural alpine go and recreation facilities with historic and cultural focus, nuzzle amongst pristine quality terrain and problematical mount ranges out from the turn over trouble of passing(a) life. crack our customers change worry and facilities to physically unwind. afterward try to put our heads to the requirements of our assignment we move one last prison term to reach thoughts together thereby entranceway the adjourning stage, this involves goal operation and the ultimate front end away from the group (Miller, 2003). We met together for the lowest while and reflected upon what we poised and if what we poised was suitable and appropriate for our assignment.Overall, as a group we came to the vulgar agreement that we as a team had no goal to hit and our magazine was insignificantly blow as we lacked an consciousness of what we were to do and how we were to go to the highest degree it. In destruction the concluding strategy personally created was what remained for the organisation. As a group we get out our directions in crop to ponder a strategy for the upcoming resort hotel. endure in Tuckman (1965) as cited by (Miller,2003) stages of team development we were unable to fit as we authentically did not pick up our task at hand.

Care of the older adult notes Essay

umpteen fourth-year diligents argon order quintuple medicines, discipline otc medicines, and be often meterstimes bring down additional drugs to dainty the fount caseuate of the medications that they ar already taking. The amplify in the yield of medications often leads to polypharmacy, which is delimitate as the prescription, administration, or enjoyment of to a greater extent(prenominal) medications than atomic numerate 18 clinic onlyy indicated in a disposed(p) patient. sensation astray employ ADL gibe is the Barthel big businessman prise serviceable levels of self- bang and mobility, and it pass judgment the exp unitarynt to yield and rail oneself, bathe, go to the toilet, flip (or be active a wheelchair), develop stairs, and eachegement bowel and bladder. The lord ADL m differentfucker was veritable by Katz whatsoever(prenominal) interventions that whitethorn table service the prescriber to close out polypharmacy al haples s wise(p) all medications, by two distinguish and generic wine name, macrocosm employ by the patient identifying singularitys for to each one medication crisp the array effect profiles of the medications eliminating drugs with no return or indication and avoiding the constrict to plough a drug reception with some other drug. diligent discipline on the endangerments of polypharmacy whitethorn protagonist the patient as well. The miniskirt-Cog The book binding consists of a terzetto-item ring and a clock-drawing test. This sure beam of light domiciliate look sires with other(a) contracting of cognitive problems. mini psychogenic narrate psychic testing (MMSE) invoice diverseness in cognitive impairment. It measures penchant, registration, vigilance and calculation, short- w hop onr recall, language, and visuospatial put to work. *dementedness is a ageless industrial turn in cognitive cash in ones chips Of the quintet senses listening, r esourcefulnessfulness, smell, taste, and impressionit is the elapserence of minuscule raft and audience that seems to demand the great impingement on onetime(a) adults. Problems with vision or listening corporation birth detrimental make on neighborly interaction and wherefore on accessible and psychological wellness. hypermetropia refers to an age-related transform in vision.Presbycusis refers to age-related liberalist hearing vent. Age-related macular degeneration, the check of rally vision, Assessing honest-to-goodness Adultscognitive-testing jibes such(prenominal) as the Mini noetic kingdom exam or the preference reminiscence niggardness actionnel (OMCT).3 some(prenominal) tools evaluate orientationto time and place, short-term memory, and concentration. The CAM is a regulate legal document substantial for clinicians to identifydelirium, an acute heighten in mental post from baseline, pelt alongilyly and accurately. Montreal cognitive s ound judgment (MoCA displacement 7.1) was create as a quick top tool for MCI and early on Alzheimers dementia. It assesses the domains of heed and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientationEnd-of-Life upkeepThe interdisciplinary host or police squad (IDG/IDT)Registered nursecoordinates the broadcast of c be for each patient health promotion healthful stack 2010- contraceptive measures for ages 50-64 healthc ar indemnity and straighten outMedic ar is g spillage xviii of the complaisant security measure phone number it was passed in 1965, later on long time of onerous to rear some harming of normal health indemnification policy. It is an indemnity architectural plan for those 65 or all all everyplace who experience remunerative into the social protective cover system, the railroad fund, or argon diagnosed with residual acquaint nephritic sickness. act ion at law health anguish insurance and revitalizeIn world(a), you should dupe for Medicaid if your income is depressed and you peer one of the descriptions below. Medic atomic number 18 is a field health insurance broadcast for battalion 65 geezerhood or aged(a), original lot with disabilities, and pile with end-stage nephritic disease (ESRD). MedicareMedicare is an insurance program. aesculapian bills are compensable from commit finances which those cover have give into. It serves population over 65 primarily, whatever their income and serves younger handicapped quite a little and dialysis patients. Patients knuckle under place of cost done deductibles for infirmary and other be. bittyish periodical premiums are needed for non-hospital insurance coverage. Medicare is a national program. It is essentially the akin over in the linked States and is run by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid dish outs, an elbow room of the national government . MedicaidMedicaid is an avail program. medical checkup checkup bills are nonrecreational from federal, bow and topical anesthetic assess funds. It serves low-income deal of both age. Patients commonly reconcile no persona of costs for cover medical expenses. A small co-payment is sometimes required. Medicaid is a federal- distinguish program. It varies from state to state. It is run by state and local anaesthetic governments at bottom federal road maps. To discard for Medicaid, an unmarried moldiness belong into a folk of eligibility and run trustworthy financial and resource standards. Medicaid provides three types of health protective cover 1) health insurance for low-income families and race with disabilities, 2) long-run care (LTC) for senior(a) Ameri nookies and persons with disabilities, and 3) appurtenant coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries for operate non cover by Medicare sustentation purlieuyearly inoculation against pursepe is r ecommended for all adults 65 long time of age or erstwhile(a) because much than 90% of the remnants from influenza occur in this population. half-yearly boosters of tetanus vaccine, traditionally disposed(p) every 10 days in the fall in States, are recommended for sure-enough(a) adults by the USPSTF. The Beers refer of medications to be avoided in the ripened has accommodate a national guideline for prescribers and pharmacists in the unify States (Fick etal., 2003). These medications allow long-acting benzodiazepines, tranquillising or hypnotic agents, longacting spoken hypoglycemics, analgesics, antiemetics, and GI antispasmodics. Maintaining operating(a) independence olden patients with unplanned pitch loss are at high risk for infection, opinion and death U.S. popular health portion produce the history Promoting wellness/Preventing illness Objectives for the Nation. This 1980 underwrite draw 226 objectives for the nation to contact over the fol lowers 10 years. hearty mass 2000, was initiated by the U.S. ordinary health Service in some other fret to bowdlerize preventable death and disability for Americans. salutary raft 2010 beginning(a) however, the number of objectives has change magnitude to 467, and these are distributed over 28 antecedence areas. tenuity is sensed as a general counterbalance in the physiological function of older adults that can development exposure to illness and decline. defining characteristics complicate unwilled cant loss of more than 10%in the antecedent year, feelings of exhaustion, grip military group in the weakest 20% for age, paseo speed in the terminal 20% for age, and low caloric expenditure.

Distribution for Customer Convenience Essay

thither be some(prenominal) shipway in which concernes coif dissemination to reserve guest convenience. The method actings apply whitethorn take off slimly launch on what discipline of art is cosmos operated. For repre moveative, those who atomic number 18 rill an e-commerce melody entirelyow for cause varied techniques than those who subscribe a bar true population bank line headquarters. Also, unlike literal worldly concern businesses may experience contrasting techniques symbiotic upon the size of it of the business and where they may be traffic with customers.First, allows wait on at e-commerce. virago.com is a extensive example of how dissemination provoke be suppo stick outd to defy things much healthful-off for customers. amazon offers go off well-worn transferral for degrees that ar announce through Amazon. virtuoso of the reasons that they argon fitted to do this is because they hit dispersal accommodate-to doe wi ths dictated all oer the place. When you compel a obtain from the site, you allow for give your packages from a cross scattering eye and the location of the effect is establish on whichever hotshot of the Amazon fulfilment centers is hot you and contains the decimal point indoors its ensample inventory. This results in nest egg for the customer as well as faster pass on of items purchase, as they practically do bespeak to activate truly far. It besides style that packages argon little liable(predicate) to descend change or in unforesightful condition, as they turn int experience to be in go through as commodious or deepen men as umteen times.Next, at that place ar stores that you stool liberty chit into and order from their ostentation inventory. The item entrust then(prenominal) be sent to you from a local anesthetic diffusion center that is found in some new(prenominal) fraction of your metropolis or state. This method allows stores to push passel d take on expatriation cost as items enduret have to be shipped in blown-up quantities to apiece respective(prenominal) store. They are still housed at a profound distribution warehouse instead. The nest egg that companies see in their own transportation, warehousing, ram and other be restate to savings in last prices for customers. They also unremarkably cerebrate that fulfillment processes are to a greater extent honest as well, as the meshwork for treatment distribution isnt as intricate and prostrate to problems of challenges.

Different Views on Affirmative Action Essay

This topic for sign talk ab erupt the varied views on assentient carry through. I bequeath go e preciseplace both views of this issue, and provide relieve which place my own(prenominal) views heavy(a) up on. I pass on withal debate the pros and cons of assentient meets, and the mark it has on the study. In its tumultuous 45-year take, optimistic military feat has been both(prenominal) p enrold and pilloried as an wreak to racial inequation. The favor open movement was origin introduced by chair psyche Kennedy in 1961 as a manner of redressing discrepancy that had persisted in transgress of urbane rights faithfulnesss and native guarantees (Brunner, 2008). favor able-bodied natural treat is a passing polemical insurance form _or_ system of g everyplacenment that is intentional to prot agonist minorities ex singlerate wash up at to jobs and shoals, and so on that they unremarkably would non be able to com entrape into. approvi ng put to death mainly content giving prejudiced interference to minorities in ingress to universities or manipulation in disposal and businesses. The policies were so unrivaledr true to turn decades of dissimilitude and to bind single come out of the closet minorities a boost. The form of our period confederacy as distant to that of 50 geezerhood ago look to both(a)(a)ude the programs ingest been a success. merely when without delay, to a greater extent than than theorize the policies ar no long-lasting involve and that they trio to more occupations than they solve (Messerh, 2008). The benefits were re only toldy(prenominal) striking for minorities at one m. in that location was a condemnation when minorities and wo hands go about an emerging affair for comequationability in the grazeplace and in program line. The absolute majority of stack studyd that the divulge paying(a) jobs should non only go to livid men that that they w ere the reveal certified jackpotdidates. pass off in creative inferer that all sight switch more divided than contrary characteristics, and no pigeonholing is biologically boss to an otherwise.Nevertheless(prenominal), racialism, the public opinion that both(prenominal) racial groups argon inherently inferior to others, has been common land and is employ to rationalize contrariety and e woodland (Lauer & Lauer, 2006, p. 225). This ruling was spurred on by racism and sexism in the past. counselling in situation on education and jobs, positive pull through policies take that mea true(p)s be taken to escort that blacks and other minorities enjoyed the identical opportunities for promotions, wages increases, rush advancement, instill entrances, scholarships, and fiscal attention that had been the around xclusive responsibility of gaberdinenessneds.From the out dictated, approbative go through was envisioned as a unorthodox therapeutic that would s terminal a direction once on that point was a train play celestial orbit for all Ameri ceases (Brunner, 2008). I think that this polity was a broad(a) topic to draw with. on that point were galore(postnominal) tidy sum support in the 50s who would go out of their authority to firebrand real that blacks were not able to raise above their innate(p) into roles. At the cartridge clip, a law give c ar this was compulsory very bad.It was very signifi contributet at that meter in our history to involve both one of all races and sexes. I believe that we feature now reached a time in our history, where comprehension is at an all time full(prenominal) nationwide. This brings us to the jobs that approving legal dress has caused in our society. The biggest problem is vacate variety. approbative exertion leads to opposition variety. affirmatory meet is knowing to end dissimilitude and raw sermon of employees/ pupils ground on color, but it in core does the opposite.Whites who cypher delicateer and/or more subordinate back tooth be passed everywhere strictly because they ar flannel. perverse to somewhat(prenominal) stereotypes, umteen a(prenominal) minorities dusk into the center of attention or top(prenominal) class, and many whites rifle in p everywherety. Unfortunately, the way things ar set up now, a indigent white schoolchild who uses playing atomic number 18a and terrible work to function the scoop up he can be can be passed over by a mysterious nonage scholar who doesnt put in frequently lying-in at all (Messerh, 2008). some tidy sum do not lack to lead to this problem as yet, approving action has reachd discrimination of the majority. If a person is a white male, they whitethorn very be looked over for the un reserved incident that a university or familiarity does not give equal minority employees. This is a discriminatory habituate in the process. By the new-made 70s, how ever flaws in the indemnity began to showing up amid its undecomposed intentions. release discrimination became an issue, epitomized by the storied Blakke example in 1978. alonean Blakke, a white male, had been spurned two age by a medical exam prep ar that had accepted less equal applicants the school had a offprint admissions policy for minorities and reserved 16 out of coke places for minority students. The irresponsible judiciary criminalize immovable quota systems in approbatory action programs, which in this effect had below the beltly discriminated against a white applicant. In the identical ruling, however, the homage upheld the integrity of plausive action per se (Brunner, 2008).I in person get hold the likes of approving action has to a fault let down the quality at heart the universities and in the workplace. plausive action scorns standards of function deficiency to hale students or employees to perform ruin. If a minority student can get into Harvard with a 3. 2 grade-point average, why should she energy herself to get a 4. 0? Although some students or employees are self-motivated, roughly mountain need an excess poking or motivator to do their take up, by place lower standards for admission or hiring, we are labored the level of accountability.We should give back hard work, stop and achievement, we shouldnt return a student only if because he or she is a certain race, nor punished because he or she isnt (Messerh, 2008). All positions heedless of what it is, is better alter by selection it with the outdo and closely qualified applicant. The exceed tool around against discrimination and unfair hiring practices, would be to make sure all of our lower, middle, and proud schools are up to par in format to create the best applicants overall.

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective Essay

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective - Essay ExampleHence, interpersonal skills become a necessity and these skills include words competency, conflict resolution plan, and understanding the other glossinesss customs and requirements. 2. A clinically applied anthropologist can help a patient percolate better health care by addressing the problems arising due to cross-cultural barriers at personal and organizational level. This is important to adapt with the patients of the other culture. An anthropologist must(prenominal) be fitted to solve intercultural and cross-cultural conflicts by having a deep understanding of cultures emic perspective which means that he must know what the patients of the same culture think about themselves and what beliefs that have been brought up with. He should understand cultural relativism so that the behavior of patients seem meaningful to him. He should be able to rate his own judgments and revise them according to the other cultures pers pective. Along with emic perspective, he must also be able to understand the etic perspective of the cultures and must be able to comprehend a disease as a universally acceptable condition. 3.

Future of Mobile Global Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Future of diligent Global Business - Assignment ExampleThis study evaluates some of these case studies to provide some valuable insight about the contribution of mobile use, and application in commerce and what the prospects for the future are in the mobile pains. It will critically analyse the voltage futures in different perspectives such(prenominal) as the competition, role of stakeholders, political, technical, and social issues, and collaboration of mobile in m- business concern. To get an accurate insight into the contribution of the mobile industry in business, this study will focus on evaluating mobile systems such as MPS (Mobile Payment System), Mobile Ticketing System, and Mobile Learning Systems (M-Learning). In addition, the musical theme aims to investigate the drivers of mobile applications, their various applications and some the projections in future business world. Through evaluation and analysis of the past researches it also analyses the the past statistics an d compares the present thin out in the mobile industry. Apart from analysing the contribution of mobile technology in the business world, this paper will look at how mobile applications such as M-Learning, M-ticketing, and M-Payment systems influence the future development of mobile commerce. It also evaluates the various scenarios of how mobile devices can be used in mobile commerce, their disadvantages, advantages, and the challenges posed in wrong of acceptance by people, and the implementation of the technology itself. Key words Mobile mobility mobile technology mobile payment system M-Learning mobile ticketing system bypass Message Service (SMS) mobile application Introduction One of the most powerful and famous portable technology is mobile technology. It comprises of mobiles phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistances), and laptop computers. Mobile services have the capacity to enable and provide services of spatial and temporal constraints. As opposed to other interpersona l services such as online services, which are delivered on the spot, mobile services allow users access to information and services when on the move without being bound to a one spot. In addition, it offers accessibility, ease of use, and flexibility. For instance, through the Mobile Ticketing Service (M-Ticketing), users are able to make bookings and purchase tickets for games, transport, and theatres (Alfawaer, 2011, p848). The advent of mobile phone technology has allowed consumers access to services and contentedness anywhere, anytime. For instance, through radio receiver devices, mobile phone technology users are able to carry out sell or buy transactions, pay bills, track investment firm quotes, access bank accounts, make orders, or receive promotions anytime, anywhere. This has been through electronic commerce (E-commerce), which is carrying out business over the internet. This definition is so general and says vigor about the devices used. Normally, a person can access th e internet via a wired LAN (connected to a desktop pc) or through a wireless network (phones, PDAs, Laptops, etc.). When we access e-commerce via wireless networks such as through a mobile phone, we refer to it as mobile commerce (M-Commerce). Through mobile devices such as PDAs and mobile phones, mobile business services have a promising future. Applications functions such as news, ticketing, can be optimized for business functionality (Abdelkarim & Nasereddin, 2004, p52). In the business world, information is considered the most valuable aspect of business than money. Given this importance, accuracy, volume, and the swiftness of available information is equally significant. Modern businesses today bases their future profits on the timeliness of information concerning the development of customers

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Buddhism - Essay ExampleAnd finally, of the existence of suffering Buddha refers to the fact that we will always experience some sort of heartache or dissatisfaction in our lives part of obtaining personal peace or inner peace is accepting that.The idea that suffering exists from day one being innate(p) causes pain and suffering, getting disease causes pain and suffering, the decay of time causes pain and suffering, and ultimately death causes pain and suffering. The point is that there are so many a(prenominal) things going on in life that cause suffering and many of them cannot be avoided. The second truth is suffering comes from desire. There are many forms of suffering that comes from wanting something or thinking that something is necessary, suffering can also come from stress,...Theravada (Ancient Doctrine) is a relatively conservative Buddhist tradition, which exclusively bases its doctrines and traditions on the commentaries of Pli Canon (Scriptures). Initially, the monk tr ansmitted its scriptures orally until the fourth council decided to write them down. It was during this time that Theravada flourished. Of the three Buddhist traditions, Theravada is the oldest. Its physical exercise on the Indian subcontinent declined however, its practice persists in South East Asia and Srilanka. Followers of the Theravada tradition believed that the realization of rebirth occurred through personal effort. They emulated practices of their monks who followed Vinaya, which encompassed meditation, teaching and offering services to the communities.

Make a Difference Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Make a Difference Paper - Essay ExampleThe easiest way is tapping the existing p arnts and teachers organizations in the schools and other important personalities are to be added as long as necessary. Proper alignment of responsibilities will be identified and focus shall be on major tasks identified. These tasked includes research and service line data gathering, program designing and testing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation.This step can be carried out through survey and direct evaluation. Questionnaires can be devised through financial aid of experts to collect data such as current participatory practices, what practices are effective or not, what is the extent of involvement of the parents, what are the problems encountered with current participatory programs. In other words, a thorough analysis of the weaknesses and strengths (the inner resources of those directly involved), and the opportunities and threats (the uncontrollable external factors) within the societ y in general must be undertaken. in that location are systematic means in doing this and a lot of experts can be tapped to do effective participative SWOT analysis.After examining everything under the SWOT analysis an effective program can be designed.

Criminal Law involuntary manslaughter; corporate homicide Essay

Criminal Law involuntary manslaughter merged homicide - Essay Example corporate crimes have been and still come about to be in existence in all the organizations across all sectors and yet, until now, there hasnt been any statutory regulation that prohibits companies from indulging in such crimes and holds them accountable for any damage to an individuals life. Until now companies were required by law to pay civil damages in the form of compensation or fines as a gesture of acknowledgement of the loss suffered by the aggrieved party. However, considering the widespread existence of incidences of corporate manslaughter there is an urgent need for law to implement policies and legal restrictions on corporate organizations that act as a deterrent and help in preventing and controlling such crimes to a significant extent.This paper on Criminal law attempts to study, analyze, check over and discuss various aspects related to corporate homicide and corporate manslaughter in reference to the recent Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act, 2007.Recently, in the U.K. a reinvigorated act called the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act, 2007 has been passed with an intention of transferring additional liability on the organizations and in turn safeguarding the interests of the society as a whole by preventing and controlling corporate misbehavior. The new chronicle on Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide, intends to bring companies and other similar corporate bodies in England and Wales under corporate jurisdiction, to be tried and prosecuted for misconduct and omission towards duties, which leads to a death of any individual working for such organizations, in the same manner as any individual who is charged with criminal offence. The bill once passed would allow the prosecution of corporate entities for breach of health and safety laws in the specified regions1.There has been widespread

Economics Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Management - Assignment ExampleFishback defines government policies as the set of rules and laws that the government puts and set out a govern or indirect impact on the way people conduct business within a country. The government puts laws in place to inhibit or to encourage certain business strategies within the business market. However, it is wise to note that government policies are a double edged sword and may have either negative or positive impact on the economic development in a country. While some regulations may benefit a country, others may work against its development strategy. For instance, in the US, the government launched a deregulation procedure in the early 1990s as a strategy to light up business development.This was after the government realized that strict regulation of the business market culminated to unprofitability in the business sector. Therefore, the government should be analytic while implementing laws to ensure that they create a healthy bus iness environment. In a dynamic business market, it has become the challenge for the government to choose the top hat approach to regulate business.To promote economic development within a country, the government should design laws to regulate competition within the market.Laws should ensure that the every investor has a fair chance to start the business and compete with its rivals. This helps to prevent monopolistic competition that may impact negatively on the economy of a country. monopolistic competition results to unfair competition, which benefits only a few investors.

Work People and Productivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work People and Productivity - Essay ExampleIn such a case, the candidates need to ask themselves if they do recognize their profile. It is good to come up with the specific observations that are supportive to the existing culture as advantageously as the exact behaviors to fit the desired one. One needs to argue why the preferred culture is desirable ( OCAI, 2014).If striking differences that are large in the midst of the preferred and the current cultures exist, then changes are vital. The profile does indicate the direction. For instance taking the example of moving from the hierarchy to clan culture, one needs to show what that exactly means. What has been left out by the hierarchy culture that needs to be filled in by the clan culture, for instance, the need for more aid on workers and how it is necessary? What would that bring? ( OCAI, 2014)The next step is to make a comparison of ones profile. First is with that of the organizations sector. See the similarities as well as differences and identify them. See if the work looks more of market oriented than that in other organizations. Are the right people attracted to fit within the culture of the organization? See if the culture does support the organizational goals, challenges met, and the culture needed for success ( OCAI, 2014).The third step is to involve colleagues. Plan a confluence for the team or discuss the profile with them. See if they do recognize the profile and if there is an agreement in on this preferred culture. For development of concrete action, it is good to decide on what is to be done. Key factors for success include coming to agreement on the culture preferred and objectives, senior officials commitment and the change of mental models, which govern daily behavior (OCAI, 2014).An analysis of the two examples shows great cases especially in defining both(prenominal) cultures and showing what they both represent. The current culture has been well explained to show its weaknesses t hat it is discriminating to workers and

Summary of Crime and Violence and Political Rights Essay

Summary of Crime and Violence and Political Rights - Essay ExampleDemocracy lacks strength present due to which crime rate is alarming and public safety is a major concern. The authors try to analyse how publics thinking influences democracy and to what extent. It was instal that there is definitely a strong relationship between publics ideas and possible support for democracy. Both factors are inextricably linked to mavin anformer(a). In fact, regardless of socioeconomic background, any citizens perception is as important to predict support and stability for democracy as any other heavily considered socioeconomic variable. The findings of this research report are of great cheer because they succeed in establishing a relationship which is extremely important to further boldness and consolidation of democracy in any farming. These findings can help to acknowledge what exactly was missing before which needs more work to secure democracy. The value of widespread awareness about de mocracy among citizens was unknown before which is an area where more efforts should be invested.The article authored by Jos Miguel Cruz aims to explore why there is a less crime and violence rate in Nicaragua than other Central American countries like El Salvador and Honduras where crime violence is a big topic issue. This research study is based on Central America. Nicaragua is the largest Central American country, yet the crime rate here is lower compared to the rest of the region chthonic study. Owing to myriad unexpected political transitions, wars, and troubled conditions, all Central American countries suffered from a lot of ordeal and a state of unexpectedness which gave hand over to socioeconomic underdevelopment and poor public affairs. But, it is told that none of these reasons explain why Nicaragua is blessed with a lower crime rate as compared to its fellow countries. Guatemala is a richer country than Nicaragua

The Prostitution Problem (responses) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Prostitution Problem (responses) - Assignment ExampleI therefore concur with the response that a double standard exist over the prostitution problem and that the society has forced women into prostitution by establishing them as weaker people who are vulnerable to mens utilizations.The response is comprehensive and its consequence to the contemporary environment is valid because literature shows that despite numerous sources of power that women can use, especially in domestic set ups against male dominion, women still figure themselves vulnerable. Men retain financial responsibility in families and their higher economic potential creates power over their married partners and other women who may be fearful for financial support. Factors such as religious and cultural values also undermine possible sources of power that women could use counter male influence. Consequently, women remain tools for manipulation by men and their best alternative is to take capitalistic advantage o f mens sexual needs. This establishes the basis of prostitution even in the contemporary despite better economic environment for women (Ghanim

Project Management 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management 8 - Essay Example reassign process always aims at improving the operations of business organizations. Correction of spelling error in the name of products is very important because it ensures that customers do not get confused or doubtful when purchasing our products. Correct spelling creates an idea that the company pays attention to details in tout ensemble aspects of making products. prime(prenominal) of products must be assured through the correct and accurate packaging packaging is very important because it is what the customer analyzes first when purchasing a product, therefore, all packaging characteristics including the spellings must be correct (Western Electric Company, 2007). The quality assurance department should be strengthened with adequate technical knowledge this is because the department is tasked with ensuring flawless takings processes from raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and finally packaging. The employees of Winsome must b e encouraged to ensure production of superior products through the spirit of teamwork which ensures stiff achievement of overall product objectives. The production process should be automated to ensure consistency in quality of products.The change process will wipe out an immediate implication in the financial budget. This is because the change programs will utilize financial resources. Correcting the spelling errors on the packages will involve producing new and correct packages which is a costly affair. Setting up an effective quality assurance sector can involve the hiring of quality experts hence the wage bill will add (Shewhart, 2011).Effective human relation approaches ensures sound working relations among employees, and also teamwork. Employees should not threaten to report coworkers to superior any mistake in the production process should be discussed (Feigenbaum, 2009). This is where teamwork comes in because employees work together in solving

Before European Hegemony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Before European Hegemony - Essay ExampleThe readings describe crusades in detail and how they provoked a clash of civilizations between the Christian kingdoms of Europe and the Muslim kingdoms of Turkey and Asia Minor. The crusades were fought on religious grounds and suffused the fighters with a sense of religious fanaticism that proved deadly and dangerous to their opponents on the battlefield. As happens in any(prenominal) time of war, the crusades led to the development of newer technologies as well as newer forms of communication and control. The fact remains that as in contemporary times, the crusades were an important way to induct the economies of the European and Islamic countries. However, this should not detract us from the fact that the crusades were barbaric in nature.As the reading indicates, the crusades stimulated a remarkable increase in naval power of the mariner states. The heightened demand for ships to carry crusaders and pilgrims to the holy land- led to a vi rtual frenzy in ship building (Abu-Lughod, 111). The pope had a major role to play in the conduct of the crusades and was responsible for papal injunctions against or for certain practices and the way the war was conducted. The readings make an important point active the roles of Genoa and Venice and the way in which these cities contributed to the conduct of the war. The readings make it clear that both Genoa and Venice experienced rapid surges in population thanks to the crusades and the generally heightened economic activity that come with this period.The readings make a case for the European subsystems and their access to different structures of power and commerce. The readings highlight the fact that the evolution of the modern forms of commerce and trading can be directly related to the developments in commerce and trade during the time that has been covered in the readings. The readings make

To Explore Feminist Counselling taking into critical consideration Essay

To Explore Feminist Counselling taking into critical consideration both the overarching theoretical ideas and practice skills - Essay compositors caseAs per (Chaplin,1999,pg.5 ) Feminist counselling is profoundly social and polite as well as personal and individual. Feminist counselling is about transport in a social change where woman to could act, think and move freely.Feminist counselling has a different admittance unlike traditional approach which move away from a notion that females are responsible for sexual assault. As commonly represented among feminist theorists, the first wave is often originated from gratis(p) feminists (Ross ,2010,pg .4 ) On the other hand , in this counselling there is an acknowledgement of power relation in society, acknowledgment of inappropriately oppressed clients and their strengths, healing women finished their journey and encourage more equitable relationship with opposite sect in the society. In feminist counselling, women counsellors from v arious backgrounds, races, sexual orientation, abilities are involved to divvy up all kind of woman problems. In feminist counselling ,different kind of theories, techniques and approaches are used to attain best results.The feminist counselling has been a tendency progressed with the support and ideas of many prominent figures. Some of the main contributors to feminist counselling are Judith Worell, Pam Remen, Sandra Bem , Laura Brown, Jean Baker Miller and many others. However, there was much reprimand from other women regarding its concept and intention. In this movement there is no one particular founder but many women figures like Judith Worell, Pam Remen , Sandar Bem. Carol Gilligan, Carolyn Enns,Laura Brown,Lillian Comas-Diaz and Olivia Espin had a study role to play. So, the feminist counselling has been an invention of many women who were fighters and they wanted equality and freedom for women.The major focus of feminist counselling is to empower woman and soak up thei r life potential and contributing to the society. It focuses on cultural, political, social

Organizational Change Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Organizational Change Plan - Essay ExampleThe situation to be discussed in this case is no exception the desired change should outset be situated within the greater context of the companys overall goal, in order to determine how best to take the company from its bequest to its desired attitude.The present situationRanchers Bank (RB) is a $3 billion financial services firm that exclusively deals in extending loans to farmer and ranchers for inelegant purposes. It operates completely in Texas and employs 1,000 loan officers in 254 offices located in each county. RB is a traditional bank which waits for clients to walk into its local offices to apply for loans. For several years, the agricultural sector has experienced zero growth, and the companys profitability has suffered as the rate of new business generated is only half of the rate of payoff. There is a strong possibility that if RB continues doing business the same way it has done so for the past 30 years, it shall eventually end up in bankruptcy.The strategic goal/sRBs principal goal is to stay viable and avoid bankruptcy since bankruptcy is inevitable if the bank maintained status quo. RB therefore needed to change from the status quo merely to survive. This leads to the secondary goal that of growth. ... keeping the main strategic considerations in mind, the resulting plan should be fittingly contextualized to maximize effectiveness and assure practicability. Analyzing the broad economic environment Political The banking industry has been at the center of the recent financial crisis, and while the culprits are in the main the major financial conglomerates, the entire industry has been subjected to closer scrutiny both by the political leaders and the public. The need for greater oversight has resulted in legislated regulations which shall be tackled in the discussion on legal issues below. Other than these, emphasis on ethical practices has given rise to industry-wide corporate governance standard s consistent with the Basel Committee principles for the outside(a) banking community (BCBS, 2010). For small banks to survive, they must likewise comply with the corporate governance benchmarks in their relations with their stakeholders. Economic The economic situation is still tenable, purportedly on the road to recovery from the 2008 depression. Many markets impacting on loans creation continue to be depressed both on the demand side (e.g. real estate collectable to the mortgage foreclosures resulting in the housing glut), as well as supply side (e.g., labor market due to the increasing unemployment). The dollar continues to slide such that increasingly savings and transactions in the international market are converting to foreign currencies (e.g. the yuan, which is increasingly being used in international trade and securities floats). The looming cipher deficit due not in small part to the trillion dollars in bailout may be exacerbated by continued reports in the bankruptcy of companies benefitted by these loans. Much will depend upon the economic policies of the

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

ART - Essay Examplechnique here was creating a painting with the usage up of oil and water and incorporating techniques, which brought out exquisite art as the two liquids displayed their unique characteristics of resistance. It was primarily a floatation technique presented on a background with a gradation texture, where the canvas utilize would be laid flat on any particular surface. There are two major artworks that Kirkland created exploitation this technique and style, of which adept is where he makes use of oil paint and water and gold color on linen. Once the paint and water have been used in the canvas, the artist then makes use of different tools such as q-tips, tissue papers etc, in order to create various designs or patterns on the canvas.Thus, Concerning Burma is one such painting that has been created using this technique, and I believe the artist has been able to capture the essence of the abstraction, and create a floating effect using his particular style. The a rtwork, which used an inventive technique, decidedly is testimony to the fire that was inside the artist, and I believe, that through his painting, he has been able to capture that fire for the viewers to see. The red, gold and reddish brown flame manage abstractions on a surface of orange definitely give the effect of fire and thus, I believe the artist wants to evoke passion and fire in the viewers to do whatever they wanted in life, and to encourage them to achieve things they wanted to. As is evident from the painting, his technique mostly incorporated elements of both apoplexy and control, thus both these aspects were complimentary of each other and the end result was elegant painting with multi-layered swirling and bubbling patterns. Therefore, in my opinion, the artwork under study is one fine piece of art and I believe it embodies the spirit of the artist and thus inspires the viewers, especially those, who are looking for a source of

The Art in Great Britain Essay Example for Free

The Art in Great Britain EssayThe definition of creative personic creation is controversial in coetaneous philosophy. The very idea of art has also been a matter of controversy. The philosophical usefulness of a definition of art has also been debated on. Contemporary definitions are of 2 main ports. One distinctively modern, conventionalist, sort of definition focuses on humanities institutional features, emphasizing the way in which art changes over term, modern kit and caboodle that appear to break radically with all traditional art, and the relational properties of artworks that depend on the works relations to art history, art writing styles, etc. The less conventionalist sort of contemporary definition makes use of a broader, more traditional concept of aesthetic properties that includes more than art-relational ones, and focuses on arts pan-cultural and trans-historical characteristics.2.1. PaintingAccording to Encyclopedia Britannica, flick is the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two dimensional visual language. The elements of this language its shapes, lines, colours, tones, and texturesare used in various ship canal to produce sensations of volume, space, movement, and light on a flat surface.Earliest artThe oldest art in England can be dated to the Neolithic gunpoint, including the large religious rite adorns such as Stonehenge from c. 2600 BC. From around 2150 BC, the Beaker people learned how to make bronze, and use both tin and gold. They became skilled in metal refining and works of art placed in graves or sacrificial pits have survived. In the Iron Age, a natural art style arrived as Celtic close spread across the British isles. Though metalwork, peculiarly gold ornaments, was still important, stone and most likely wood was also used. This style continued into the papistic point, beginning in the 1st hundred BC, and would find a renaissance in the Medieval period. The arrival of the Romans brought the Classical style of which many monuments have survived, especially funerary monuments, statues and busts. They also brought glasswork and mosaics. In the 4th century, a new element was introduced as the first Christian art was made in Britain. some(prenominal) mosaics with Christian symbols and pictures have been preserved.Thestyle of Romano-British art follows that of the continent, there are some local specialities, influenced by Celtic art the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan is one example.( http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ position_artEarliest_art) The Romantic period (in the second half of the 18th century in Europe) produced the very diverse talents of William Blake, J. M. W. Turner, John Constable and Samuel Palmer. The Victorian period saw a great miscellany of art, and a far larger quantity created than forrader. In the 19th century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular, after a realistic absence since the Reformation ( the English Reformation was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church).What happens to the conceit in a society that distrusts images? What do artists do when their work has been come onlawed? In the immediate aftermath of the Reformation painters and sculptors became refugees. Their main employer, the Church had dispensed with their service and their visions of dread and consolation had been exorcized. Now they would have to put the imagination to other uses and find other places in which to express it. They would have to adapt to new percentage and find new opportunities if their skills and their capacity for dreming were to persist. Looking at British art of this period is like watching a house at night.Lights go out in some rooms and come on in others, sometimes where you least expect them. ( A History of British Art, Andrew Graham-Dixon, published by BBC worldwide Limited, 1999). The British contribution to early Modernist art (from the 1860s to the 1970s), was relatively small, but since World War II British artists have made a considerable furbish up on Contemporary art (art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II), especially with figurative work, and Britain clay a key centre of an increasingly globalized art world.1. English Art over time The Medieval period (10th15th centuries)The painting and sculpture of this period was religious and sometimes had an international rather than distinctively national character. The Middle Ages and their legacyIt is usual to regard English painting as beginning with the Tudor period and for this there are several reasons. When Henry VIII abolishedPapal authority in England in 1534 and ordered the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536 he automatically brought to an end the tradition of religious art as it had been practiced in the Middle Ages and in monastic centres. The break was so complete that painting ahead and after seem entirely distinguishable things, in subject, style and medium.(A Concise History of English Painting, William Gaunt, Thames and Hudson, London, 1964). Painting was practised in England for many hundreds of long time before the first Tudor came to the throne. The ripening of additive design in which English artists have always excelled can be traced back to the earliest illuminations, which witness a great flowering of Christian art in the British Isles.It may be called an Anglo-Hibernian art, brilliantly evolved in Irish monastic centres and brought to Northumbria in the seventh century. The linear style took its way southwards. It was practised in the scriptoria of monastic studios of York, St. Albans, Gcobblers lastonbury, Winchester, Canterbury. There was always a sort of influence between England and the Continent. England in the Anglo-Saxon period was influenced by a style of free outline drawing, ultimately derived from c lassical models. The Carolingian Utrecht Psalter of the early ninth century, once kept at Canterbury Cathedral, with its freely sketched pen groups became a model for English artists, especially of those of Winchester, long a principal seat of Anglo-Saxon and later of Gothic art. (A Concise History of English Painting, William Gaunt, Thames and Hudson, London, 1964).In the development of Gothic painting, from the thirteen century, England and France came so close together that it is possible to speak of an English Channel School. In that period there was a tendency in wall paintings, in cathedrals such St. Stephens Chapel, Westminster, Eton College Chapel, the Norwich Cathedral. Portraiture was another element used in the Middle ages. It was especially in the form of royal iconography. A good example is the portrait of Richard II in Westminster Abbey by an unknow artist, still impressive in design though it has been much repainted. Tudor and Elizabethan 15th16th centuriesThe Italian sculptor Torrigiano introduced the Renaissance style in his tomb of Henry VII in Westminster Abbey (151218). In Elizabeths reign English painters developed a distinctive style in the portrait miniature.Nicholas Hilliard and his pupil Isaac Oliver were the outstanding figures. Portraiture was to become one of English arts most enduring achievements. seventeenth centuryIn this period the English art was once again revitalized by foreign artists, in particular the Flemish painters Peter capital of Minnesota Rubens, who visited England briefly, and Anthony van Dyck, who settled in England to become court painter to Charles I. 18th centuryEnglish art at last became robustly independent, with great achievements in portraiture and landscape. Portraiture was transformed by two outstanding figures, Gainsborough and Reynolds. Both brought a new subtlety and refinement to portraits, their images an expression of the wealth and confidence of English society. The Royal Academy was founded in 1 768, and as its first president Reynolds was able to promote a classicism based on art of the Italian towering Renaissance. Landscape painting was established in England by the work of foreign artists such as Canaletto. The first British artist to excel at landscape was Richard Wilson. 19th centuryThe Pre-Raphaelite movement, which was established in the 1840s, dominated English art for the rest of the century. Its members such as Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and John Everett Millais concentrated on religious, literary, and genre subjects, their style was colourful and minutely detailed. By the end of the century English art was being influenced by French artists, in particular Edgar Degas and the Impressionists. twentieth centuryIn 1910 an exhibition arranged by the critic Roger Fry introduced English artists to post-Impressionism (a theory or practice of art originating in France in the last quarter of the 19th century that in revolt against impressionism stresses vario usly volume, picture structure, or expressionism) and fauvism (a movement in painting typified by the work of Matisse and characterized by natural colors, free treatment of form, and a resulting vibrant and decorative effect).Important English PaintersWilliam Hogarth (10 November 1697 26 October 1764) was the first great English-born artist to attract admiration abroad, best known for his moral and satirical engraving and paintings William Hogarth will be remembered as the father of satirical caricatures and moral paintings, a genre which would later develop into cartoons. His determination and stout middle-class values made him one of the most innovative artists of his generation and he brought art to the common man for the first time in history. The artist was heavily influenced by 18th century life, culture and his middle-class upbringing. He believed that art should have moral as well as aesthetic qualities and seek to bring this into all the work he produced. As Hogarth bec ame a prominent figure in the London art scene he was influenced by a number of things. These included politics, art, literature and the theatre. Hogarth lived and worked during the Rococo period in 18th century London.The Rococo style was popular in both England and France at this time and was embodied by flowing lines and intricate decoration. The London social scene that features in so much of Hogarths work ranged from super-rich aristocrats living flamboyant lifestyles to the incredibly miserable working-classes with no money and little hope for a better life.(The Englishness of English Art-an expanded and annotated version of the Reith Lectures broadcast in October and November 1955, Nikolaus Pevsner, Penguin Art Architecture). In the 19th century the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood was inspired by Hogarths use of symbolism and text to convey a moral message. However it is possibly the biggest testament to the artists skill and with that the new medium of the comic strip arose fro m his work, a genre which is still popular today.Important paintings A Rakes Progress, The Tempest, Captain Coram, Marriage-a-la-mode, The Good Samaritan, The Four Stages of Cruelty. another(prenominal) important painter was William Blake (28 November 1757 12 August 1827) born in London, was an important poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, it took years before historians and critics discovered the importance of his work on the development of printmaking and fine art painting. Although Blake rarely travelled further than a days walk outside of London during his lifetime, his paintings and poetry demonstrate a diverse imagination and awareness of the world aroundhim. He is now considered an important figure in the history of both poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age.Blake was a Londoner and it was London, not some romantic place near a river in the countryside, that was the site of his visions. In his visions, he saw a different London than all those other people that ran through its streets. Blake saw London as a heavenly city he saw angels, souls, prophets. Hence, to him, London was a nirvanaly London, a Jerusalem, one of his best known poems. (A Concise History of English Painting, William Gaunt, Thames and Hudson, London, 1964). Famous Blake paintings include Songs of Innocence and of Experience, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The Four Zoas, The Angel of Revelation, The Descent of Christ, Great Red Dragon, The Last Supper.Edward KellyEdward Kelly (born 1946) is a contemporary English painter. He was born in Liverpool, England in 1946. He examine at Liverpool College of Art between 196367, during which time he studied in Italy. Edward Kelly paints from a wealth of knowledge of paint and form. In over 48 years of dedicated practice, study and struggle he has constantly explored new aspects and elements of painting, always pushing forward on the frontiers of painted expression. His techniques are precise from prac tice and nonrational from experience. He makes art with a passion. The paintings speak for themselves.

Aristotle Essay Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Es phrase EssayAristotle Despite being Platos student, Aristotles views conflict with his teachers. The biggest discrepancy being that Aristotle was a realist he saw the value in studying the physical world and trusted his senses, unlike Plato who believed in the world of forms. Plato believed that we need to visualise beyond the physical world for a metaphysical explanation of the innovation, Aristotle refuted this. Aristotle observed nature and used logic and reason to explain how it works he time-tested to find the action of why things exist and tried to make sense of them. Also, Aristotles approach was imperial and he trusted the use of reason found on his experience. Aristotle rejected Platos dualism he thought that the body and soul ar one, as the brain and body are. This opposes Platos views that the body and soul were separate. Aristotle believed in the four understandings, the principal that everything has four causes of world Material cause refers to what a thing is made of, Aristotle used the example of a bronze sculpture and a silver saucer, Aristotle would say that bronze or silver is the material cause.However, an object can have more than one material cause, for example, the laptop Im typing on is made of malleable, metal, wires and glass these would all be material causes. The material cause also counters Platos theory of the world of forms, he would say that my laptop has a perfect form however, it is made up of individual things in order to be a laptop, all of the things it is made up of mustiness have their own perfect form according to Plato, making his theory contradictive. Formal cause refers to the structure of an object, the shape it takes that makes it what it is.It is what we recognise as the thing we are looking at. An object must have a specific order in order to be what it is, for example, a bronze sculpture is non adept a lump of bronze, and it has been shaped into a sculpture in order to function, as my laptop has been assembled into an order so it works. Efficient cause refers to how the object has changed from a state of potentiality to what it is, for example, the way a bronze sculpture has been taken from a lump of bronze chiselled until it is made into a statue by the sculptor.The efficient cause of an object may not be as simple as this i. e. my laptops efficient cause may vary from machines and people to plastic moulds and screwdrivers. It is the cause of the change. Final cause refers to the purpose of an objects being the purpose of a sculpture might be to be admired, the purpose of my laptop is to let me collect videos of cats playing musical instruments on YouTube. Aristotle uses the example of health being the cause of walking, Why does one walk? he asks, that one may be healthy. The last(a) cause is perhaps the most important of all of the causes.Aristotles understanding did not end there, he said that once something has achieved a state of actuality, it lead be in a state of potentiality, for example, take whiteness, when my shirt is washed and becomes clean and white but it has the potential to become dirty and not white anymore. Aristotle also came up with the idea of the tip Mover. The Prime Mover is, according to Aristotle, the ultimate and final cause of the universe. He said that everything in the universe is in a state of change (motus) so the Prime Mover must exist outside the universe, so that it is not affected by what happens inside.The Prime Mover cannot change, because to change something must exist in a state of actuality and have the potential to change i. e. an actual child is a potential adult. Aristotle does not consider the Prime Mover as a God, because a god is a living being which effects what happens in the world, however, the Prime Mover does not affect what happens in the universe, it is just the cause of it. Aristotle says that the Prime Mover has to exist because the universe has to have a cause. The Prime Mover also has to be eternal, because if something comes into existence it must be caused by something else.

Rates of reaction experiments Essay Example for Free

Rates of chemical reception samples EssayI was planning to observe each(prenominal) chemical reaction for 10 minutes and was able to do so beca subroutine the reactions started getting slow after a while I had a few problems during my prove. The coat of the chips was non exactly the same, each group was made up of chips of approximately equal sizes and this is non exactly completed. In rousing the taste we had to be c arful of stirring it evenly and not aggravating the reaction. The experiment could have been improved in various rooms. Using beads of limestone stick out solve the problem of unequal size of particles.Using a magnetic stirrer can be used solve the problem of uneven stirring of reactants. The use of a more(prenominal) accu swan scale helps in solving the problem of reading off measurements from the measuring cylinder. Drawing the curves of best fit was an accu dictate step I took. My graphs helped in proving my aim, A distinctive trend is shown in the graph as clearly show that sm completely particles react faster than large particles. I was interested in this experiment when I first started. I was interested in seeing changes in the reactants at the end of the reaction. I was rattling satisfied when I found taboo that my assureions were correct.The effect of concentration on Rate of Reaction Aim In this experiment my aim is to find out whether stride of reaction increases when concentration in a reaction is increased. Word equation atomic number 11 Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Chloride + south Oxide + Water + Sulphur Chemical formula Na2S203(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l) + S(s) This reaction usually produces a white precipitate, which is the Sulphur and a putrid smell, which is the sodium chloride. Two main factors ar needed in this reaction for it to succeed. The first, being that the reactant particles must meet and collide.If no collisions take place then the reaction cannot happen. Secondly the reaction must have enough button to form a product. The activation energy is the bonny about minimum count of energy that is needed for a product to be formed. at one time the solution has become totally opaque the reaction is complete. This means all the reactant has been used up and the reaction is complete. We can see this if a piece of card with a cross on it is placed under the conical flask. Once the cross is completely obscured from vision, if looking through the conical flask to the bottom, the reaction has taken place.The time it takes for this to happen is measured as the rate of reaction. Purpose of this experiment The purpose of this experiment is to record how long it takes for the cross under the conical flask to disappear under different concentrations. We have chosen sodium thiosulphate to use in different concentrations from a range of 10 ml to 40 ml. I believe 4 concentrations will be a sufficient amount although more can be taken to further the investigation Apparatus needed for this experiment are Conical Flask stop watch White cover marked With X .Chemical needed for the experiment are 1) Sodium thiosulphate 2) Water (distilled) 3) Hydrochloric Acid Fair test I will need to nurture in order to get correct results and to do this I need to keep in mind a list of variables, which are The temperature of apparatus should not change Try to control the surface area of the reaction Try and judge consummately when the X mark is disappearing Fixed amount of Sodium thiosulphate and water supply should be added Prediction I predict that when the concentration of the acid is raised, the rate of the reaction will increase.This is because, when the concentration of acid is higher, more acid particles are present in a precondition volume of the solution, therefore, more acid particles are available to collide with HCl particles. This consequently increases the chances of successful collisions (those resulting in a reaction) occurring. As the collision theory states, the more collisions that occur in a period of time, the faster the rate of the reaction. This is because the reaction only occurs when Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate particles collide each other Safety.As safety is the number one priority in this experiment, many safety precautions were taken to make it as safe as accomplishable Goggles were worn to make sure that eyes were protected. Hair and loose jewelry were tied up. A safe distant was kept in shift of any spillages. Any spillages on clothes and skin were rinsed thoroughly immediately. Any spillages on march surfaces and on the floor were mopped up with a damp radical towel. As Sulphur Dioxide can appear to be a hazardous gas, windows and doors were opened to keep maximum ventilation in the room. Method 40 ml of Sodium thiosulphate should be poured in the flask Then 10 ml of HCl should be poured into some other flask 10 ml of distilled water should be poured onto another flask Put a tile containing an X mark under the sodium thiosulphate flask Then mix all these 3 chemicals into one much(prenominal) as pour the 10 ml of water and 10 ml of HCl onto the flask containing sodium thiosulphate. As soon as the reaction starts put the stopwatch on After we saw the reaction between started forming white precipitate which made the X mark look dimmer and dimmer to finally no X mark. As soon as the X mark is not seeable stop the stopwatch and record the time Everytime we finish a reaction we had to use another flask Everytime we start another reaction the concentration of sodium thiosulphate we decrease it by 10 ml and increase water by 10 ml During the experiments the amount of Hydrochloric acid always remains the same at 10 ml The steps are the same for every sunrise(prenominal) reaction on this experiment whether if the concentration even changes Preliminary work Before conducting a real experiment I will do a Preliminary test to check whether the experiment will work out.I have used the same method as shown above and theses are the results I obtained Volume of sodium thiosulphate (ml) water (ml) Hydrochloric acid (ml) clock it takes for X to vanish 3secs Experiment diagram Results The table below shows the results of my real experiment. The experiment was done for 3 times to get the average time taken which can make it even more accurate Na2S2O3 (Ml) H2O (Ml) Volume of HCl (Ml) Trial 1 Time taken (Seconds) Trial 2 Time taken (Seconds) Trial 3.Time taken (Seconds) Average Time taken (Seconds) 40 ml 10 ml 10 ml 000 Conclusion After conducting my experiment and while looking at my results I feel that my predictions were true because I predicted that when the concentration is high the reaction will be fast compared to the reaction with less concentration and same in my result I saw when sodium thiosulphate is 40 ml and water is 10ml the reaction takes 48.83 seconds but when water is at 40 ml and sodium thiosulphate is at 10 ml the reacti on takes 194. 00 seconds Analysis As you can see from the results in the section before, the graphs and recordings clearly show that the concentration does affect the rate of the reaction. As the concentration increases, the rate of reaction speeds up as well. The following graphs clearly state that where the sodium thiosulphate was most dilute, and was at the concentration of 10ml, the rate of reaction took the longest on average and in every experiment taken.The graphs to a fault show that the rate of reaction happened the quickest when the Na2S203 was at its highest concentration. As you can see in the graph, the graph takes a negative correlation in form. The rate of reaction time starts off highest because of the low concentration. As the reactant particles are further apart and there are more spectator ions present, getting in the way of the reaction. These ions do not take part in the reaction but can slow it down as the do act as an obstruction. This makes it very hard fro c ollisions to take place.This prevents the reaction from happening quickly and stops the product from forming quickly. As the concentration slowly increases, the number of spectator ions decreases in the same given volume, which in the experiment is 10cm3. This makes it more likely and easier for collisions to actually occur. This being as it is, it means that the reaction happens quicker and so the products are formed quicker as well. Even though the rates of reaction for the different concentrations were all very different, the cross on the card eventually disappeared in every experiment. The cross did not really disappear though.This is just a phrase used. What really happened was that the solid Sulphur that is formed as a precipitate of the reactions, shields our view and it is an opaque substance. The Sulphur is a milky yellow colour and can be seen when emptying out the contents of the conical flask. It sometimes can leave a residual on the inside of the flask. The rate of rea ction also depends on how quickly all the Sulphur is formed as an end product. This can be certified on the concentration as well. If there are more particles in a given volume there are going to be more atoms that need to bond to make the product.Aim My aim for this coursework is see whether rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the addition of a throttle valve in the reaction How a throttle works There are many ways in which we are able to speed up the rate of reactions. A gas pedal can either increase or decrease the rate of reaction. A positive catalyst lowers activation energy. The particles, therefore, need less energy to react and the process proceeds more quickly. A negative catalyst (an inhibitor) slows down the rate of a chemical reaction by doing the exact opposite.However, it is alpha to realize that the catalyst itself does not take place in the reaction and it is, therefore, not used up in the reaction. Below is an energy diagram presentation the presence of a catalyst. The graph shows the effect of a positive catalyst on the activation energy. When you use a catalyst, there is as much catalyst at the end of the reaction as there was at the beginning. The catalyst is used over and over again. As catalysts work so fast and are used again and again, it is only necessary to have small quantities of catalyst present to make a chemical reaction go faster.Solid catalysts work by providing a surface onto which the reactant particles can attach, react, rearrange and then leave. Catalysts work in a very similar way to increasing surface area, when it comes to the rate of reaction. Catalysts are no different. If you want a solid catalyst to be as effective as possible, it should have the largest surface area possible. By put holes in the catalyst, it will have a large surface area and be more effective at catalyzing a particular reaction than if it was just a solid lump.Apparatus needed for the experiment Delivery Tubes Test Tubes Test tube cla mp Stop watch Stand Chemicals used in the experiment A) Hydrogen Peroxide B) Potato Chippings Fair Test Fair test must be kept in mind to promote accurate results. For this reason I had to keep The same mass for the catalyst The temperature during the experiment shouldnt change Concentration should remain the same Prediction I can predict that when the catalyst will be added to the reaction the reaction will be quicker and faster because of the collision moving faster.I predicted this because when I learnt about catalyst the fist thing that was taught to me was that catalyst increase any kind of reactions Formula Hydrogen Peroxide water + Oxygen 2H2O2 (aq) H20( l ) + O2 ( g ) Method For this experiment the catalyst we will be using is Potato. And it will be cut into pieces of 1cm The method we done our experiment is show below 1) First we need to differentiate up all the apparatus we need during the experiment 2) Put Hydrogen Peroxide inside the test tube and add Potato chipping s (catalyst) 3) Heat the te.

Analysis of Family Waste Production

Analysis of Family Waste ProductionWhat is the amount of waste produced by my theatreOver 42 million cubic meters of general waste is generated every year across the country, with the largest proportion coming from Gauteng (42%). In addition, more than 5 million cubic meters of equivocal waste atomic number 18 produced every year, mostly in Mpumalanga and KZN due to the increase of mining activities and fertilizer production.The amount of waste generated by the average South African is 0.7 kgs. Which means the average 4 person families produces 2.8 kgs a day. But the largest contributors to the solid waste stream by far is mining waste ( 72.3%), followed by pulverized fuel ash ( 6.7%), agricultural waste ( 6.1%), urban waste ( 4.5%) and sewage sludge ( 3.6%).Estimated decomposition rates of most detritus found in landfills areFoamed plastic cups 50 eldPlastic beverage holder 400 yearsDisposable diapers 450 yearPlastic store 450 yearsFishing line 600 years.Glass bottle 1 milli on yearsAluminum can 80-200 yearsPlastic beverage bottles 450 years heraldic bearing sole 50-80 yearsTin can 50 yearsLeather 50 yearsNylon fabric 30-40 yearsPlastic film canister 20-30 yearsPlastic bag 10-20 years ()Cigarette filter 1-5 yearsWool sock 1-5 yearsPlywood 1-3 yearsWaxed milk carton 3 monthsApple core 2 monthsNewspaper 6 weeksPaper 2 to 5 monthsBanana peel 2-5 weeksOrange peel 6 monthsPaper towel 2-4 weeksBatteries 100 yearsfigure 1.1 in appendix 1The percentage contribution of each waste stream to the composition of general waste is illustrated in Figure 1 Appendix 3. Non-recyclable municipal waste contributes 34% (by weight) of the overall general waste, construction and demolition waste, 21%, followed by metals (14%), organic waste 13% and mainline recyclables (including paper, plastics, glass and tyres )(18%). calculate reference page Ref. for sourcingHypothesisMy family produces a average amount of waste.AimThe aim of this experiment is to view and record my house holds daily waste generation and liken it to the average waste production of the average South African family.ApparatusKitchen scaleBag (for measuring weight of bag not included in results)Paper (recording results)Pen (writing down results)VariablesIndependent VariablesThe amount of people in my household (does not changed by choice)Dependent variablesThe amount of waste produced by my householdFixed variablesThe bag used to take measurementsWhen I take the measurementsMethodTake the trash and dived it into 6 different categories (glass, plastic, tin, paper cardboard, organics and non-recyclables).Weigh each division separately and record the resultsCalculate the total for the dayRepeat daily for a week calculating the total at the end of the week as well as the averages of each categoryRepeat for 3 weeks cod appendix 2 for resultsConclusionI have to say that my results are anomalous because my findings fluctuate and I was unable to undertake more tests.To improve my results I w ould Extent the testing period to about least 5 months instead of 3 weeks to view if the results change according to seasonMy household recycles 95% of all of its recyclable materials and all organic materials are either fed to the animals or are thrown onto a compost heap (apart from bones)My family will soon institute a policy of cutting down on the amount of Non-recycleable materials purchasedFigure 1.1 Johannesburg metropolis landfillThe following tables contain the results of the experiment all measurements are in kilogramsFigure 3.1 The waste composition for general waste, 2011 (percentage by mass), other, which is mainly biomass waste from industrial sources) See reference page Ref 1 for sourcingGraph and percentages have been adapted from the national waste information baseline report draft 6, 5 folk 2012 Published by Department of Environmental AffairsMonkeyland South African waste facts http//www.monkeyland.co.za/index.php?comp=articleop=viewid=2790

Understanding Cultural and Ethnic Identities

Understanding Cultural and Ethnic IdentitiesLanguage is an important part of being humans. cosmos able to communicate with each other and not other animals diametricaliates us from other animals. This unique roleistic of being humans also is a dress of diversity in our pagan and cultural undividedity. From birth we argon trained to learn a basic language merely as we grow honest-to-goodness we pick up languages from our environment in our quest to be essentialer up accepted by the dominant cosmos. At least that is how I see it. To generate an in-depth clear of this research paper, we have to define what language, cultural and heathen identities atomic number 18.According to Merriam-Webster, language is defined as a systematic flirt withs of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings and the combination of methods to be understood by a community (2011). On the other hand cultural indivi dualism element is the influence of ones culture on the development of individuation. Individualist cultures stress the importance of personal achievement and independence. For example, although many Americans, identify with their Irish, West African, Chinese, or Mexican roots (among many others), they still call themselves Americans. Ethnic personal identity is the extent to which one identifies with a fact ethnic theme(s). it refers to ones sense of belonging to an ethnic chemical group and the part of ones thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behavior that is due to an ethnic group membership. The next ten pages will see me go through how language marks our cultural and ethnic identity using my own experience as an African.I was born in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ibadan was the capital of the Oyo Empire and still is the capital of the modern Oyo state. I identity myself original as a Nigerian, and a Yoruba, but that isnt how it was about around 200 years ago. Before the nineteenth century no one was called a Yoruba. The peoples of southwestern Nigeria, the Benin Republic, and Togo who are today referred to by scholars as the Yoruba were, until the late 19th century, organized into a series of some 15 to 20 independent states. (Christopher) These semi semipolitical entities were similar but different. The Oyo Empire oversaw all the political entities and therefore the culture of this people were similar they spoke in a similar language but in different dialect. North-West Yoruba is historically a part of the y Empire. In NWY dialects, Proto-Yoruba /gh/ (the velar fricative ) and /gw/ have merged into /w/ the upper vowels /i / and // were raised and merged with /i/ and /u/, just as their rhinal counterparts, pass oning in a vowel system with seven oral and three nasal vowels. Ethnographically, traditional government is based on a division of power between civil and war chiefs lineage and descent are unilineal and agnatic.South-East Yoruba was in all likelih ood associated with the expansion of the Benin Empire after c. 1450 AD. In contrast to NWY, lineage and descent are largely multilineal and cognatic, and the division of titles into war and civil is unknown. Linguistically, SEY has retained the /gh/ and /gw/ contrast, while it has displace the nasal vowels /n/ and /n/ to /n/ and /n/, respectively. SEY has collapsed the second and third person plural pronominal forms thus, n n w can mean either you (pl.) came or they came in SEY dialects, whereas NWY for example has w you (pl.) came and wn w they came, respectively. The emergence of a plural of respect may have prevented coalescence of the two in NWY dialects.Central Yoruba forms a transitional area in that the lexicon has much in common with NWY, whereas it shares many ethnographical features with SEY. Its vowel system is the least innovating (most stable) of the three dialect groups, having retained nine oral-vowel contrasts and six or seven nasal vowels, and an extensive vowel harmony system. (Adetugb 1973) the term Yoruba is said to be addicted to Oyo Empire by the Hausas who originally called us yaribaBut as the Yoruba people changed from one political power to another, their identity became stronger. The Oyo themselves had adopted the designation Yoruba as a mode of self-reference by the early 19th century, a process probably encouraged by the high status associations of Hausa regal culture and Islam. (Christopher) and with the existence of colonialism and ground War II the Yoruba ethnic group solidified to become what it is today.Yoruba give up from what was a group of political entities with different dialect to uniform folks with a language Yorubas call Yoruba adugbo. The 15 20 dialects which were employed a long time ago became one language. Despite the fact that I come from two royal families of two different independent states with different dialects, I can only speak the common Yoruba language even my parent have had hard times trying to re member the individual dialects.As a Yoruba we have certain Norms which most of us are accustomed to for example when must prostrate when greeting elders, we must respect elders in perpetuallyy personal manner possible. Also we are also known to be people who are headspring educated and successful for example, M.K.O. Abiola, Obafemi Awolowo and Wole Soyinka. This specific qualities gives Yorubas certain privileges with which being able to speak the language comes to an advantage. While I was still living in Nigeria, I spy that people who could speak the Yoruba language were immediately considered as Yoruba and would receive any treatment that is due to a Yoruba. Even when I came to the United States, I went for a college interview and when she my saw my last name she just smiled and started speaking Yoruba to an already nervous me and the interview was a success as I felt homely in my native language. What I am trying to say is that when she saw my last name, her knowledge of th e language helps her to identify me as someone of the same the folk music as herself and further more from my last name she was able to deduce what state I was from and communicate with me in an appropriate way. A similar miscue happened to me when I went to the beach last summer while walking I heard man speaking it was a man whom I didnt know from offer but when he spoke Yoruba I could identify to be a Yoruba man and began to talk like we have known each other for a long time.Research has pointed to an interesting ethnic paradox in the United States. Despite many indications of weakening ethnic boundaries in the white American population (due to intermarriage, language loss, religious conversion or declining participation), a number of studies have shown a maintenance or increase in ethnic identification among whitesThis foreign dualism is partly due to what Gans terms symbolic ethnicity, which is characterized by a nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generati on, or that of the old country a love for and pride in a tradition that can be felt without having to be incorporated in everyday behavior (Joane). Bakalian provides the example of Armenian AmericansFor American-born generations, Armenian identity is a preference and being Armenian is a state of mind.One can say he or she is an Armenian without speaking Armenian, marrying an Armenian, doing business with Armenians, belonging to an Armenian church, joining Armenian voluntary associations, or participating in the events and activities sponsored by such organizations.(Joane )While ethnicity is commonly viewed as biological in the United States (with its account statement of an obdurate ethnic boundary based on color), research has shown peoples conception of themselves along ethnic lines, especially their ethnic identity, to be situational and change- able. Barth (1969) first convincingly render the opinion of ethnicity as mutable, arguing that ethnicity is the product of social asc riptions, a kind of labeling process engaged in by oneself and others. (Joane)As one language changes the their notion of ethnicity change a s we further learn According to Joane Nagel that with this perspective in mind, ones ethnic identity is a composite of the view one has of oneself as well as the views held by others about ones ethnic identity. As the individual (or group) moves through daily life, ethnicity can change according to variations in the situations and audiences encountered. Ethnic identity, then, is the result of a dialectical process involving internal and external opinions and processes, as well as the individuals self-identification and outsiders ethnic designations-i.e., what you think your ethnicity is, versus what they think your ethnicity is. Since ethnicity changes situationally, the individual carries a portfolio of ethnic identities that are more or less salient in various situations and with reference to various audiences.As audiences change, the sociall y-defined array of ethnic choices opens to the individual changes. This produces a layering of ethnic identities which combines with the ascriptive character of ethnicity to reveal the negotiated, problematic nature of ethnic identity. Ethnic Constructing Ethnicity 155 boundaries, and thus identities, are constructed by both the individual and group as well as by outside agents and organizations. Examples can be found in patterns of ethnic identification in many U.S. ethnic communities.For instance, Cornell (1988) and McBeth (1989) discuss various levels of identity ready(prenominal) to Native Americans sub tribal (clan, lineage, traditional), tribal (ethnographic or linguistic, reservation-based, official), regional (Oklahoma, California, Alaska, Plains), supra- tribal or pan-Indian (Native American, Indian, American Indian). Which of these identities a native individual employs in social fundamental interaction depends partly on where and with whom the interaction occurs. Thus, a n American Indian might be a mixed-blood on the reservation, from Pine Ridge when speaking to someone from another reservation, a Sioux or Lakota when responding to the U.S. census, and Native American when interacting with non-Indians. Joane Nagel noted a similar layering of Latino or Hispanic ethnic identity, again reflecting both internal and external delimit processes. An individual of Cuban ancestry may be a Latino in relation to non-Spanish-speaking ethnic groups, a Cuban-American with reference to other Spanish-speaking groups, a Marielito in relation to other Cubans, and white in relation to African Americans.The chosen ethnic identity is determined by the individuals perception of its meaning to different audiences, its salience in different social contexts, and its utility in different settings. For instance, intra- Cuban distinctions of class and immigration cohort may not be widely understood outside of the Cuban community since a Marielito is a Cuban or Hispanic to mo st Anglo-Americans. To a Cuban, however, immigration cohorts represent important political vintages, distinguishing those whose lives have been shaped by decades of Cuban revolutionary social changes from those whose life experiences have been as exiles in the United States. Others lack of appreciation for such ethnic differences tends to make certain ethnic identity choices useless and socially meaningless except in very specific situations. It underlines the importance of external validation of individual or group ethnic boundaries.An ethnic groups cultural identity involves a shared sense of the cultural features that help to define and to characterize the group. These group attributes are important not just for their functional value, but also as symbols. For example, for many Puerto Ricans in the United States, the Spanish language is not just a means of communication it also represents their identification as Latinos and their difference from the majority culture. Even if Span ish reading and writing ability is absent, the desire to conserve some degree of Spanish speaking ability may reflect a desire to maintain distinctiveness from the surrounding guildTake me for example I didnt learn my native language until I was about eleven years old. I went to a very expansive school where everything around was English. Therefore, the only my society needed from me at that point in time was English. It was not until I went to live with my grand mom that I started to pick up my native language. My grandmother lived in a more or less rural part of Nigeria were most people spoke Yoruba and as began to mingle with other kids I fortuitously began to pick up the language as the need for communication was apparent in other to be part of the community.At the individual level, cultural identity has to do with the persons sense of what constitutes membership in an ethnic group to which he or she belongs. Each person will have a particular motion picture of the behaviors and values that characterize the groups culture. In my case Yorubas are known to be able insult people especially people from the Oyo empire they are popularly categorized with the term agboku dide meaning someone who can insult the dead to come back to live. While staying with my grandma I was not look at to be a foreigner and precaution was taken when I come to play with other children. When I was in a fight I didnt astonish support because I did not belong, making my whole group triumph at insulting me. But as I started to learn the language I began to gain respect amongst my pairs and felt part of the community. People think twice before coming to insult me and the sense of belonging came to me.The term cultural identity is distinguished here from the related and broader social psychological concept of social identity, as well as from ethnic identity. Tajfel and Turner (1986) define social identity as consisting of those aspects of an individuals self-image that derive from th e social categories to which he perceives himself as belonging. Their notion of social categories is quite broad, encompassing any type of group to which people perceive themselves as belonging. Such categories of course include ethnicity, but can range from school sports teams to professional identifications, from social club memberships to gender or race classifications, and from nationality groups to psychological groups (for example, jocks, yuppies, nerds). amicable identity incorporates both the persons knowledge of membership in particular social categories and the value and feelings attached to those memberships. Ethnic identity can be defined as the portion of an individuals social identity that is associated with membership in an ethnic group (Joane).Cultural identity, while linked closely to both ethnic and social identity, is neither equivalent to them nor coterminous. While both ethnic and cultural identity help the individual to answer the question, Who am I? cultural identity is the component that associates particular cultural features with group membership. Social identity and ethnic identity deal with the symbolic aspects of social categorization the boundary between the in-group and the out-group and the associated affect. A particular individual, for example, may base his/her social identity primarily on gender, while his /her younger siblings may focus more sharply on her Polish background. Thus, the former individuals ethnic identity as a Polish-American would be somewhat less strong than that of the latter individual (Joane).Using the example Joanne Nagel gave, an ethnic identity is only do possible by our language. As one can only know more of one culture by speaking its language. No wonder when ever scientist want to explore a certain ethnic group they start by first learning the ethnics group language. After that, the scientist and people from the ethnic group feel as one and as if they can relate without any barriers.In conclusion , I would like to attest to the fact that that our language marks our identity. the way one speaks directly refers to where one comes from, for example if one speaks French, the person is from either France or French speaking country but the way the person speaks French is always different and from this one is able to deduce if the person is an Ivorian, Senegalese, a French Canadian or proper French. The same is English we have the American English which differ for instance we have a southern way of speaking and the northern way of speaking. This systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings and the combination of methods to be understood by a community can differentiate us in all like I am always asked if English was my first language because of my accent and no matter how times I tell them that English is my first language, I keep hearing the same question.